مجله پرستاری گروه های آسیب پذیر
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 14، بهار 1397)

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) experience several behavioral and emotional problems. The present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Gestalt play therapy on self-esteem and social adjustment in children with AD/HD. This quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted with a pretest posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all the male students aged 7 to 12 years referred for hyperactivity disorder to the counseling centers of the Education Department of Saveh, Iran, in 2016. A total of 30 children with AD/HD were randomly allocated to the intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The intervention received by the intervention group consisted of Gestalt play therapy in the form of eight 45-minute sessions. The data collection tools included the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Lambert Adaptive Behavior Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS-21 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and diagrams) and inferential statistics (Levene’s test and the ANCOVA). The results showed a significant difference between the self-esteem score obtained in the pretest (16.47±3.021) and posttest (20.40±4.2) in the intervention group (P=0/001). There was also a significant difference between the mean score of anxiety obtained in the pretest (229.31±5.06) and posttest (242.87±8.15) before and after the social adjustment training (P=0/001). The findings showed that Gestalt play therapy enables AD/HD children to focus on their cooperation and friend-finding skills while playing and enjoying their time and ultimately achieve an improved self-esteem and social adjustment.

Poisoning is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Poisoning resulting in death by suicide is one of the main public health challenges in the world. The present study was conducted to survey cases of poisoning resulting in death by suicide in Golestan Province.. This cross-sectional study was carried out on all medical records of referential bodies to Golestan department of forensic medicine that were died due to poisoning by suicide from March 2010 to March 2016. Data were obtained by checklist from medical records and SPSS software (ver. 16) and Chi-squared test were used for data analysis.   Of the 420 deaths due to poisoning, 171 deaths (40.7%) were due to suicide attempt. Of these 171 cases, 61.4% (n=105) were male and 42.1% (n=72) were aged 20-29 years. The mean age of the study population was 29.53±11.27 years and their minimum and maximum age was 14 years and 76 years. A total of 48% (n=82) of the cases were single and 42.1% (n=72) had only high school education. Moreover, 80.1% of the cases (n=137) lived in urban areas. Pesticides were the most common poisoning agents (n=131, 76.6%), with aluminum phosphide being the most frequent (n=104, 79.4%). Drugs were the second most common cause of death in this study. Pesticides, particularly aluminum phosphide, were the most common cause of poisoning resulting in death by suicide in Golestan Province and were observed mostly in young men. It is therefore crucial to restrict the easy access to these common agents of suicide, i.e. pesticides.